Some Useful Information Concerning the results: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Conversion factors for the primordial nuclides are given by: | 1 Bq 238U/kg = 81 ppb U (81 x 10-9 gU/g) | The 238U decay chain gammas used are: | 226Ra: 186.1 keV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
214Pb: 295.21 and 351.92 keV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
214Bi: 609.31, 1120.29, 1764.49 and 2204.21 keV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The relationships are valid for any daughters in the 238U, 235U or 232Th chain only if the chain is in equilibrium. | 1 Bq 232Th/kg = 246 ppb Th (246 x 10-9 gTh/g) | The 232Th decay chain gammas used are: | 212Pb: 238.63 and 300.09 keV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
208Tl: 583.19 and 2614.53 keV, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
228Ac: 911.21 keV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 Bq 40K/kg = 32300 ppb K (32300 x 10-6 gK/g) | The 40K decay chain gamma used is: | 40K: 1460.83 keV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 Bq 235U/kg = 1.76 ppm U (1.76 x 10-6 gU/g) | The 235U decay chain gammas used are: | 235U: 143.76, 163.33 and 205.31 keV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The measurements of the samples below take into account the background measurements. If a measurement is below the background then the upper bound shown is the 90% confidence limit. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DM-ICE Measurements: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sample Description | Manufacturer | Mass (g) | Live Time (days) | Counting Dates (if applicable) |
238U from 226Ra | 238U from 234Th | 235U | 232Th | 40K | 137Cs | 60Co | Comments | |||||||||||||||||
DM-ICE 1 | Quantum Silicones | 600 g | 4.005 | Jul 5, 2010 | (mBq/kg) | 2.08 | +- | 1.10 | 38.50 | +- | 61.00 | 0.96 | +- | 1.30 | <0.12 ppb | 39.50 | +- | 18.60 | 1.83 | +- | 1.37 | 0.32 | +- | 0.42 | |||||
Q Gel 900 | Richmond, Va, USA | Jul 9, 2010 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.17 ppb | +- | 0.09 ppb | 3.12 ppb | +- | 4.94 ppb | 1.69 ppb | +- | 2.30 ppb | <0.03 ppb | 2.05 ppm | +- | 0.60 ppm | |||||||||||||
DM-ICE 2 | Sample from near ICE Cube String 8 | 1000.2 g | 7.003 | Aug 17, 2010 | (mBq/kg) | 0.94 | +- | 0.57 ppb | 30.49 | +- | 28.59 | 0.18 | +- | 0.69 | 0.93 | +- | 0.58 | <8.10 | <0.09 | <0.19 | |||||||||
South Pole Deep Ice | Aug 24, 2010 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.076 ppb | +- | 0.046 ppb | 2.47 ppb | +- | 2.32 ppb | 0.31 ppb | +- | 1.21 ppb | 0.47 ppb | +- | 0.14 ppb | <261.70 ppb | ||||||||||||||
DM-ICE 3 | Sample from near ICE Cube String 41 | 999.5 g | 7.909 | Aug 24, 2010 | (mBq/kg) | 0.21 | +- | 0.54 | <10.99 | 0.07 | +- | 0.59 | <0.48 | <5.81 | <0.09 | <0.07 | |||||||||||||
South Pole Deep Ice | Sep 1, 2010 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.017 ppb | +- | 0.043 ppb | <0.89 ppb | 0.13 ppb | +- | 1.04 ppb | <0.118 ppb | <187.78 ppb | ||||||||||||||||||
DM-ICE 4 | 34 Blank Filters (Unused) | 25.45 g | 1.867 | Dec 18, 2013 | (mBq/kg) | 20.35 | +- | 35.47 | <599.89 | 7.19 | +- | 38.51 | 493.89 | +- | 73.03 | 451.87 | +- | 396.86 | 43.220 | +- | 35.360 | <3.92 | |||||||
Whatman Filter Papers | Whatman 41 Ashless 110 mm dia cat# 1441-110 | Dec 20, 2013 | (ppb or ppm) | 1.65 ppb | +- | 2.87 ppb | <48.59 ppb | 12.66 ppb | +- | 67.78 ppb | 121.50 ppb | +- | 17.96 ppb | 14.60 ppm | +- | 12.82 ppm | |||||||||||||
DM-ICE 5 | 5 Filters Used For Water From String 8 | 3.8 g | 4.954 | Nov 3, 2010 | (mBq/kg) | <141.80 | <278.77 | 108.64 | +- | 135.04 | <560.19 | 26.32 | +- | 166.44 | <17.46 | ||||||||||||||
Whatman Filter Papers | Whatman 41 Ashless 110 mm dia cat# 1441-110 | Nov 8, 2010 | (ppb or ppm) | <11.49 ppb | <490.63 ppb | 26.73 ppb | +- | 33.22 ppb | <18.09 ppm | ||||||||||||||||||||
DM-ICE 9 | Sandvik SANMAC SAF 2205 hollow bar duplex steel | 2149.5 g | 6.833 | Nov 22, 2010 | (mBq/kg) | 2.28 | +- | 0.72 | 118.31 | +- | 60.11 | 8.79 | +- | 1.68 | 6.49 | +- | 0.96 | 13.77 | +- | 6.38 | 0.65 | +- | 0.61 | 7.19 | +- | 0.82 | 54Mn Signal: | ||
Steel | Nov 29, 2010 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.19 ppb | +- | 0.06 ppb | 9.58 ppb | +- | 4.87 ppb | 15.48 ppb | +- | 2.96 ppb | 1.60 ppb | +- | 0.24 ppb | 444.79 ppb | +- | 206.04 ppb | 3.16 mBq/kg | +- | 0.70 mBq/kg | |||||||||
DM-ICE 10 | “Virgin Grade” PTFE | 1492.5 g | 12.908 | Jan 11, 2011 | (mBq/kg) | <0.41 | 24.46 | +- | 21.37 | 1.92 | +- | 0.72 | 0.52 | +- | 0.44 | 0.34 | +- | 5.09 | <0.13 | <0.089 | 7Be Signal: | ||||||||
Teflon | Applied Plastics and Technology | Jan 24, 2011 | (ppb or ppm) | <0.033 ppb | 1.98 ppb | +- | 1.73 ppb | 3.38 ppb | +- | 1.27 ppb | 0.13 ppb | +- | 0.11 ppb | 10.82 ppb | +- | 164.48 ppb | 2.61 mBq/kg | +- | 2.61 mBq/kg | ||||||||||
Sample Description | Manufacturer | Mass (g) | Live Time (days) | Counting Dates (if applicable) |
238U from 226Ra | 238U from 234Th | 235U | 232Th | 40K | 137Cs | 60Co | Comments | |||||||||||||||||
DM-ICE 11 | Southern Brass and Copper | 550.0 g | 11.468 | Mar 9, 2011 | (mBq/kg) | 0.17 | +- | 0.92 | <0.67 | 3.56 | +- | 1.79 | <1.22 | <5.13 | <0.26 | <0.12 | 58Co Signal: | ||||||||||||
Copper | Mar 22, 2011 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.013 ppb | +- | 0.075 ppb | <0.054 ppb | 6.26 ppb | +- | 3.16 ppb | <0.30 ppb | <165.61 ppb | 1.27 mBq/kg | +- | 0.55 mBq/kg | |||||||||||||||
DM-ICE 12 | String 80 | 1001.8 g | 6.003 | Apr 21, 2011 | (mBq/kg) | 0.114 | +- | 0.535 | <12.53 | 0.176 | +- | 0.688 | <0.613 | 4.89 | +- | 6.69 | 0.100 | +- | 0.599 | 0.150 | +- | 0.282 | 7Be Signal: | ||||||
South Pole Deep Ice | Sample taken on the way up at 8:00 PM on 12/17/2010 at 1800m | Apr 27, 2011 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.009 ppb | +- | 0.043 ppb | <1.02 ppb | 0.310 ppb | +- | 1.212 ppb | <0.151 ppb | 157.99 ppb | +- | 216.02 ppb | 7.59 mBq/kg | +- | 3.79 mBq/kg | ||||||||||||
DM-ICE 13 | String 79 | 1000 g | 5.915 | Apr 27, 2011 | (mBq/kg) | <0.607 | 8.98 | +- | 20.16 | 0.112 | +- | 0.788 | <0.676 | <6.608 | <0.768 | 0.295 | +- | 0.312 | 7Be Signal: | ||||||||||
South Pole Deep Ice | Sample taken at 3:15 AM on 12/16/2010 at depth of drill 2450m (plus wt. Stack) | May 3, 2011 | (ppb or ppm) | <0.049 ppb | 0.728 ppb | +- | 1.633 ppb | 0.197 ppb | 1.386 ppb | <0.166 ppb | <213.45 ppb | 2.70 mBq/kg | +- | 3.29 mBq/kg | |||||||||||||||
DM-ICE 14 | String 79 | 1000.4 g | 5.943 | May 6, 2011 | (mBq/kg) | 0.657 | +- | 0.608 | 26.99 | +- | 27.09 | <0.643 | <0.360 | 5.098 | +- | 7.097 | 0.300 | +- | 0.600 | <0.312 | 7Be Signal: | ||||||||
South Pole Deep Ice | Sample taken at 10:50 AM on 12/16/2010, drill on the way up, 200m from the top | May 12, 2011 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.053 ppb | +- | 0.049 ppb | 2.186 ppb | +- | 2.194 ppb | <1.132 ppb | <0.089 ppb | 164.66 ppb | +- | 229.24 ppb | 6.70 mBq/kg | +- | 3.30 mBq/kg | ||||||||||||
DM-ICE 15 | String 7 | 1001.3 g | 4.994 | Jun 22, 2011 | (mBq/kg) | 1.31 | +- | 0.75 | 21.37 | +- | 33.86 | <0.785 | <0.645 | <2.197 | <0.369 | <0.089 | |||||||||||||
South Pole Deep Ice | Sample on 12/11/2010 at 2260m | Jun 27, 2011 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.106 ppb | +- | 0.061 ppb | 1.73 ppb | +- | 2.74 ppb | <1.382 ppb | <0.159 ppb | <70.96 ppb | |||||||||||||||||
DM-ICE 16 | String 7 | 1001.9 g | 5.780 | Jun 30, 2011 | (mBq/kg) | 1.20 | +- | 0.66 | 9.18 | +- | 30.64 | <0.456 | <0..669 | <4.45 | <0.668 | <0.243 | |||||||||||||
South Pole Deep Ice | No information on bottle | Jul 5, 2011 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.097 ppb | +- | 0.053 ppb | 0.74 ppb | +- | 2.48 ppb | <0.803 ppb | <0.165 ppb | <143.64 ppb | |||||||||||||||||
DM-ICE 17 | String 31 | 1004.3 g | 3.921 | Jan 16, 2012 | (mBq/kg) | 0.23 | +- | 0.71 | <3.95 | 0.02 | +- | 0.88 | 0.31 | +- | 0.66 | <10.89 | 0.60 | +- | 0.80 | <0.28 | 7Be Signal: | ||||||||
South Pole Deep Ice | Sample taken at 9:41 AM on 12/04/2010, hole #1, sample 1 | Jan 20, 2012 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.019 ppb | +- | 0.057 ppb | <0.32 ppb | 0.04 ppb | +- | 1.55 ppb | 0.075 ppb | +- | 0.161 ppb | <351.79 ppb | 10.85 mBq/kg | +- | 4.88 mBq/kg | ||||||||||||
DM-ICE 18 | String 31 | 999.3 g | 6.741 | Oct 24, 2011 | (mBq/kg) | 0.33 | +- | 0.58 | 15.91 | +- | 25.12 | 0.75 | +- | 0.78 | 0.82 | +- | 0.54 | 2.30 | +- | 6.00 | 0.30 | +- | 0.60 | <0.21 | |||||
South Pole Deep Ice | Sample taken at 10:00 AM on 12/04/2010, hole #1, sample 2 | Oct 31, 2011 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.026 ppb | +- | 0.047 ppb | 1.29 ppb | +- | 2.04 ppb | 1.32 ppb | +- | 1.38 ppb | 0.20 ppb | +- | 0.13 ppb | 74.34 ppb | +- | 193.94 ppb | |||||||||||
DM-ICE 19 | String 27? (Hard to read) | 1000.4 g | 3.945 | Jan 23, 2012 | (mBq/kg) | 0.58 | +- | 0.77 | 13.50 | +- | 30.29 | 0.16 | +- | 0.98 | 0.02 | +- | 0.74 | 15.79 | +- | 10.20 | <0.451 | 0.25 | +- | 0.38 | |||||
South Pole Deep Ice | Sample taken at 1:43 PM on 12/07/2010 | Jan 27, 2012 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.047 ppb | +- | 0.062 ppb | 1.09 ppb | +- | 2.45 ppb | 0.28 ppb | +- | 1.72 ppb | 0.004 ppb | +- | 0.182 ppb | 510.14 ppb | +- | 329.33 ppb | |||||||||||
DM-ICE 20 | String 14 | 999.8 g | 4.404 | Jan 27, 2012 | (mBq/kg) | <0.197 | <6.85 | 0.88 | +- | 0.88 | <1.031 | <2.82 | <0.47 | 0.02 | +- | 0.31 | |||||||||||||
South Pole Deep Ice | Sample taken at 6:40 PM on 12/09/2010 at 2340m (return @ 81 m), hole 3 | Feb 1, 2012 | (ppb or ppm) | <0.016 ppb | <0.56 ppb | 1.55 ppb | +- | 1.55 ppb | <0.254 ppb | <91.104 ppb | |||||||||||||||||||
Sample Description | Manufacturer | Mass (g) | Live Time (days) | Counting Dates (if applicable) |
238U from 226Ra | 238U from 234Th | 235U | 232Th | 40K | 137Cs | 60Co | Comments | |||||||||||||||||
DM-ICE 21 | Cat NO. 40928-6 Batch NO. 178-97, Purity 99.999% |
2060.6 g | 8.799 | Aug 23, 2011 | (mBq/kg) | 0.49 | +- | 0.36 | <6.35 | 0.85 | +- | 0.62 | 0.36 | +- | 0.35 | 13.64 | +- | 4.17 | <0.370 | <0.084 | |||||||||
Sodium Iodide | Aldrich – APL | Sep 2, 2011 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.040 ppb | +- | 0.029 ppb | <0.51 ppb | 1.49 ppb | +- | 1.09 ppb | 0.088 ppb | +- | 0.087 ppb | 440.47 ppb | +- | 134.81 ppb | |||||||||||||
Additional Activities: | (mBq/kg) | 7Be: | 0.34 | +/- | 1.50 | 22Na: | 0.68 | +- | 0.29 | 24Na: | 0.38 | +- | 0.15 | 126I: | 5.46 | +- | 0.75 | ||||||||||||
(ppb or ppm) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DM-ICE 22 | Cat No. HT-NAI101XG Batch NO. 173-52C, Purity 99.999% Form Powder |
2005.7 g | 6.908 | Aug 2, 2012 | (mBq/kg) | 0.78 | +- | 0.48 | 10.12 | +- | 16.05 | 0.37 | +- | 0.74 | <0.39 | <3.90 | <1.59 | <0.23 | |||||||||||
Sodium Iodide | Sigma-Aldrich Urbana | Aug 9, 2012 | (ppb or ppm) | 0.063 ppb | +- | 0.039 ppb | 0.82 ppb | +- | 1.30 ppb | 0.64 ppb | +- | 1.30 ppb | <0.095 ppb | <125.85 | |||||||||||||||
Additional Activities: | (mBq/kg) | 7Be: | 1.85 | +/- | 2.24 | 22Na: | 0.25 | +- | 0.25 | 24Na: | 1.00 | +- | 0.29 | 126I: | 7.68 | +- | 1.01 | ||||||||||||
(ppb or ppm) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In Progress and To Be Measured: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sample Description | Manufacturer | Mass (g) | Live Time (days) | Counting Dates (if applicable) |
238U from 226Ra | 238U from 234Th | 235U | 232Th | 40K | 137Cs | 60Co | Comments | |||||||||||||||||
(mBq/kg) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(ppb or ppm) |